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9: Coordination Compounds

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Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds NCERT Chemistry Notes for class 12 Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds Coordination compounds are those addition molecular compounds which retain their identity in solid state as well as in dissolved state. In these compounds. the central metal atom or ion is linked by ions or molecules with coordinate bonds. e.g., Potassium ferrocyanide, K 4  [Fe(CN) 6 ]. Double Salts These are the addition molecular compounds which are stable in solid state but dissociate into constituent ions in the solution. e.g., Mohr’S salt, FeSO 4 ·(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  . 6H 2 O get dissociated into Fe 2+ , NH +   4  and SO 2-  4 ions. Terms Related to Coordination Compounds 1. Complex ion or Coordination Entity It is an electrically charged species in which central metal atom or ion is surrounded by number of ions or neutral molecules. (i) Cationic complex entity It is the complex ion which carries positive charge. e.g., [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ ...
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6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Chapter 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Class 12 Notes pdf Metallurgy: - The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from it‘s ore. The extraction involves 3 major steps (i) concentration of the ore (ii) isolation of the metal from it‘s concentrated ore (ii) purification of the meta Metal Important ores Aluminium Bauxite(Al 2 O 3 . xH 2 O) Zinc Zinc blend (ZnS), calamine (ZnCO 3 ) Iron Haematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) & magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) Copper copper pyrites (CuFeS 2 ) , copper glance (Cu 2 S) Concentration:  Removal of the unwanted materials from the ore . (i) Hydraulic washing :–  It is based on the differences in gravities of the ore & the gangue particles. (ii) Magnetic separation :–  It is based on the differences in magnetic properties of the ore components. (iii) Froth floatation :–  It is used for removing gangue ...
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5 Surface Chemistry

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Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry Surface Chemistry Class 12 Inorganic Formulas Notes Pdf Download POINTS TO REMEMBER Adsorption: The accumulation of molecular species at the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid or liquid Adsorbate: The molecular species or substance, which concentrate at the surface. Adsorbent:The material on the surface of which the adsorption takes place. Adsorption is essentially a surface phenomenon. Desorption: The process of removing an adsorbed substance from a surface on which it is adsorbed. Factors featuring adsorption The extent of adsorption increases with the increase of surface area per unit mass of the adsorbent at a give temperature and pressure. Easily liquefiable gases(i.e., with higher critical temperatures) are readily asodrbed Adsorption is accompanied by decrease in enthalpy as well as decrease in entropy of the system. Types of Adsorption  Physical adsorption Chemical adsorption 1.It arises because of va...
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4 Chemical Kinetics

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Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics NCERT Notes For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 4 : Chemical Kinetics The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical reactions. the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the mechanism of the reaction. is called  chemical kinetics. Chemical Reactions on the Basis of Rate of Reaction 1. Fast/instantaneous reactions Chemical reaction which completes in less than Ips (10 - 12  s) time, IS known as fast reaction. It IS practically impossible to measure the speed of such reactions, e.g., ionic reactions. organic substitution reactions. 2. Slow reactions Chemical re actions which completes in a long time from some minutes to some years are called slow reactions. e.g., rusting of iron. transformation of diamond etc. 3. Moderately slow reactionsChemical reactions which are intermediate between slow and fast reactions are called moderately slow reactions. Rate of Reaction Rate of a chemical reaction IS the change in t...
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